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Roth IRAs1
With a Roth IRA, you contribute money that has already been taxed (that is, “after-tax” dollars).
Any earnings in a Roth IRA have the potential to grow tax-free as long as they stay in the account. Withdrawals of earnings from Roth IRAs are federal income tax-free and penalty-free if a five-year aging period has been met and the account owner is age 59½ or over, disabled, or deceased. Roth IRAs are not subject to required minimum distribution (RMD) rules during the lifetime of the original owner, so you can leave your assets in the Roth IRA where they have the potential to continue to grow.
Contact a SpecialistContributions
Contributions to a Roth IRA are not deductible from your current taxable income, but if the funds are distributed in a qualified distribution, they are nontaxable. This means the earnings on the Roth IRA are generally nontaxable also. Roth IRA account funds may be invested in bank deposit accounts or in non-deposit products as directed by the account holder.
If you are under 50 years of age, you may contribute $7,000 or 100% of your earned income per year, whichever is less. If you are age 50 or older, your contribution amount increases to $8,000 or 100% of your earned income per year, whichever is less. You may contribute to a traditional IRA, a Roth IRA, or a combination of the two. However, contributions to a Roth IRA must be aggregated with traditional IRA contributions to comply with the annual contribution limit.
Spousal Contributions
If you have little or no earned income, are married, and file a joint federal income tax return you may contribute using the spousal rules. If you and your spouse have a combined income of at least $14,000 and you are both under the age of 50, you may each contribute up to $7,000. If you and your spouse have combined income of at least $16,000 and you are both 50 or older, you may each contribute up to $8,000 to a Roth IRA.
Age Requirement
There is no maximum age for making a Roth IRA contribution; however, contributions must still be based on earned income. You are not required to take distributions from your Roth IRA during your lifetime.
Single Individuals
If you are single, you are eligible for the full Roth IRA contribution if your modified adjusted gross income (MAGI) is $146,000 or less for the year. In year 2024, if your MAGI is between $146,000 and $161,000, you can contribute to a Roth IRA, but not the full $7,000 ($8,000 if age 50 or older). If your MAGI is over $161,000, you are not permitted to contribute to a Roth IRA for the year.
Married Individuals, Filing Jointly
If you are married and filing a joint federal income tax return, you are eligible for the full Roth IRA contribution if your joint MAGI is under $230,000 for the year. If your joint MAGI is between $230,000 and $240,000 in 2024, you are eligible to contribute to a Roth IRA, but not the full $7,000 ($8,000 if age 50 or older). If your joint MAGI is at least $240,000, you are not permitted to make a Roth IRA contribution for the year.
Withdrawals
A withdrawal from a Roth IRA that is a qualified distribution is not subject to federal income tax and is not subject to the IRS 10% early distribution penalty. A withdrawal is a qualified distribution if it is paid:
- To you after you reach age 59 ½;
- To you when you are disabled;
- To you for a qualifying first-time home purchase; or
- To your beneficiary after your death.
And is not paid:
- During the five taxable year period that begins with the first taxable year that you make a Roth IRA contribution;
- If the Roth IRA is a rollover from an IRA other than a Roth IRA, during the five taxable year period that begins with the taxable year that the rollover contribution was made.
The IRS early distribution penalty does not apply to the conversion of a traditional IRA to a Roth IRA. Consult your tax adviser regarding eligibility, contributions and distributions. Withdrawals may be subject to early withdrawal penalties per investment account contract. Fees may reduce earnings.
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